煤体电荷感应信号评价冲击危险性试验研究

为完善冲击地压矿井的冲击危险性评价方法,提高冲击危险性预测的准确率,应用自主研制的煤岩电荷监测系统,选择典型冲击地压矿井的煤样,开展了煤体单轴压缩冲击危险性测试与电荷感应监测试验研究。基于冲击地压扰动响应失稳理论,将应变软化阶段产生的电荷信号变化作为预测冲击地压发生的前兆信息,得到了煤体冲击危险性指标的临界软化系数Kρ、临界应力系数Kp及其冲击危险的等级分类标准,分析了煤体电荷感应信号的电荷事件数CSJ和电荷事件的平均幅值CFZ参量与冲击危险性指标Kρ和Kp之间的量化关系。结果表明:煤样破裂应力峰后,冲击倾向性K与电荷事件数CSJ呈指数递减关系,与CFZ呈指数递增关系;随着Kρ或Kp的增大,煤样应力峰后CSJ呈幂函数关系递增,应力峰后电荷平均幅值CFZ呈一次函数关系递减,以此可预测煤体的冲击危险程度,最后得到了河南某矿煤层冲击危险性的应力峰后冲击危险等级的CSJ和CFZ判据与划分标准。煤体冲击危险性电荷感应信号评价方法为冲击地压矿井冲击危险性评价提供了一种新的方向,对现场煤层冲击危险性评价具有指导作用,但也还需要开展大量现场试验对其进行不断修正和完善。     

Effect of the endectocide ivermectin on filamentous fungi

We investigated the effect of ivermectin, at environmental concentrations and above, on several strains of filamentous fungi. Ivermectin did not show significant short-term effect on biomass production and germination rate of the spores. By contrast, the spore production was stimulated twofold in Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Mucor racemosus cultures, whereas that endpoint was reduced in Fusarium cultures. A long-term exposure of F. oxysporum to ivermectin reduced both production and germination of fungal spores. Ivermectin was not an inducer of exocellular oxidases.     

麻疯树胚乳愈伤组织诱导及其污染消除

经过比较分析各种消毒方法,获得了较为理想的麻疯树(Jatrophacurcas)胚乳愈伤组织,并动态观察其类型、形态特征、增殖速率和形态发生能力,为麻疯树胚乳植株再生及愈伤组织和细胞培养生产药用成分奠定了基础.以麻疯树成熟胚乳为外植体进行愈伤组织的诱导,测试0.4mg/L的分裂素(BA、KT与TDZ)与2.0mg/L的生长素(IAA、IBA、NAA与2,4D)搭配组合的诱导效果.结果表明,对胚乳愈伤诱导效果而言,2.0mg/L的2,4D效果最好,NAA的效果次之,IBA又次之,IAA的效果最差.BA和KT诱导效果差异不显著,TDZ的添加可促进胚乳愈伤组织的诱导.选择适宜的消毒剂(种类、浓度)和消毒(处理)时间对胚乳外植体的接种成功具有至关重要的作用.在本试验所采取的灭菌方式中,用70%酒精处理30s,然后用10%NaClO处理25min,灭菌效果最佳,同时对胚乳外植体的生长影响最小.图3表1参23     

Female rock shrimp<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Rhynchocinetes typus</Emphasis> mate in rapid succession up a male dominance hierarchy

The dynamics of male-male competition for mates and patterns of female choice depend critically on the social environment. We released newly molted sexually receptive females of the rock shrimp Rhynchocinetes typus in the field and recorded their interactions with males. In the dense aggregations in which these shrimp live, most females were encountered and seized by males within 2 min. Usually, females were first seized by subordinate males, and subsequently taken over by the dominant males. Many females (17 out of 23) had multiple mates during the 10-min observation period, and most of them received spermatophores from multiple males. Males used different mating tactics in accordance with their dominance status: subordinate males often used the sneaking tactic, seizing the female and immediately transferring spermatophores. In contrast, all dominant males used the primary mating tactic; they seized and stimulated the female before transferring spermatophores. Results from previous studies had indicated that females may reduce the fertilization chances of subordinate males by delaying spawning and removing spermatophores. We suggest that this capability in combination with the observed rapid mate succession may enable females to exploit male contest behaviors.Communicated by P. Backwell     

同步反硝化聚磷的试验研究

采用SBR反应器和人工合成废水研究了同步反硝化聚磷的条件和影响因素.试验结果表明,厌氧/好氧方式下驯养的生物除磷污泥,在厌氧期之后供给硝酸盐,则污泥可以很快实现同步反硝化聚磷.聚磷前厌氧阶段的存在是实现反硝化聚磷必不可少的重要前提.在没有NO₃^-干扰而且乙酸钠为唯一碳源下,最佳厌氧时间为60min.先于缺氧期微生物接触硝酸盐,会使反硝化聚磷减弱甚至丧失.缺氧段NO₃^--浓度是影响反硝化聚磷效果的因素之一.在厌氧(2h)-缺氧(1h)-好氧(2h)的试验条件下,当NO₃^--N浓度由5mg/L上升至20mg/L时,其反硝化聚磷效率由11.9%上升至48.7%.但NO₃^--N浓度提高到了20mg/L以上时,其效率提高得不很明显.好氧段的存在不会使诱导形成的反硝化聚磷消失,但缩短好氧时间有助于提高DNPA在除磷中的比例.     

富水砂层刚度参数敏感性分析及地表沉降预测*

为了在富水砂层地铁盾构施工中保证施工安全，控制地表沉降是其重要措施。依托福州地铁盾构工程项目，利用正交试验方法，使用有限元软件Plaxis 3D建立25个数值分析模型，采用反分析的方法，确定富水砂层土体硬化模型(Harding Soil model)主要刚度参数之间的关系；通过对各刚度参数进行极差分析与方差分析，确定土体硬化模型各刚度参数敏感性和显著性，建立刚度参数与地表沉降的数学模型。研究结果可以较好地对最大地表沉降进行预测，为富水砂层参数优化和盾构施工地表沉降预测提供理论基础。     

复合绝缘子伞裙硬化机理研究

作为复合绝缘子伞裙护套的主要材料,高温硫化硅橡胶的性能在很大程度上决定了整支复合绝缘子的运行性能。高温硫化硅橡胶的硬化现象会严重影响复合绝缘子伞裙的力学性能;同时硬化现象往往伴随着更严重的性能劣化,例如憎水性的下降甚至丧失等,这些现象会直接威胁电力系统安全运行。针对复合绝缘子的硬化现象研究了硬化的内在机理,并采用平衡溶胀法研究了复合绝缘子交联密度与硬度的关系。研究认为,复合绝缘子的硬化主要是由于填料与硅氧烷进一步吸附导致的,同时也有硅氧烷氧化的作用。     

Design and analysis of artificial bee-colony-based MPPT algorithm for DFIG-based wind energy conversion systems

In this article, the proposed maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method is designed by taking rotor speed as an optimization problem, which is solved by artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to generate the maximum power output. The main advantage of this algorithm is that its optimal solution is independent of the initial positions and requirement of lesser number of control parameters, which leads to simple and robust MPPT algorithm than other algorithm. Furthermore, the hill climb search and particle swarm optimization-based MPPT algorithm are also discussed and the results obtained by these are compared to verify the effectiveness of proposed algorithm. Simulations for MPPT control along with doubly fed induction-generator-based wind energy conversion system is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Three statistical methods are used to evaluate the accuracy of each MPPT algorithm. All results are analyzed and compared under randomly selected wind as well as real wind speed configuration. Comparison of both numerical and simulation results under two different varying wind speed conditions strongly suggest that the proposed ABC-based MPPT algorithm is superior than other two MPPT algorithms.     

冷却速度对X70管线钢感应加热弯管组织性能的影响

弯管是油气输送管道的重要组成构件之一。冷却速度的快慢决定弯管材料的最终性能 ,是感应加热弯管的关键参数。为确定合适的冷却速度范围 ,研究了冷却速度大小对管线钢材料组织、性能的影响规律 ,确定了保证材料组织性能冷却速度的下限值。     

First trimester screening for Down syndrome and assisted reproduction: no basis for concern

In pregnancies obtained after assisted reproduction the false-positive rate of second trimester Down syndrome (DS) screening is increased by 1.5–3-fold. This may cause an increase in the number of amniocenteses and the fetal loss rate. The present study for the first time examined whether assisted reproductive technologies affect the results of first trimester screening. The markers PAPP-A, free β-hCG and the nuchal translucency (NT) thickness were examined at 12–14 weeks' gestation. Screening markers in 47 in vitro fertilisation (IVF), 63 ovulation induction (OI) and 3026 spontaneously conceived singleton pregnancies were compared. The MoM (multiples of the median) value in the IVF pregnancies was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.85–1.22) for PAPP-A, 1.14 (95% CI: 0.95–1.37) for β-hCG and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.89–1.05) for NT; the MoM value in the OI pregnancies was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.76–1.05) for PAPP-A, 1.08 (95% CI: 0.93–1.25) for β-hCG and 1.02 (95% CI: 0.95–1.11) for NT. The first trimester marker values in assisted reproductive pregnancies and spontaneously conceived pregnancies were not significantly different. Estimated false-positive rates for a risk cut-off of 1:400 varied from 4.7% in IVF pregnancies to 5.1% in OI pregnancies. Therefore the false-positive rate in Down syndrome screening should be independent of the method of conception. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.